An industrial 3D model is a 3D polygonal representation of an object, which is usually displayed by a computer or other video equipment. The displayed object can be an entity in the real world or a fictitious object, which can be as small as an atom or as large as a very large size. Anything that exists in the physical world can be represented by a three-dimensional model.

Industrial 3D models are often generated using specialized software such as 3D modeling tools, but they can also be generated by other methods. As the data of points and other information collections, the three-dimensional model can be generated manually or according to a certain algorithm. Although it usually exists in a computer or computer file in a virtual way, similar models described on paper can also be considered as three-dimensional models.

Three-dimensional models are widely used wherever three-dimensional graphics are used. In fact, their application predates the popularity of 3D graphics on personal computers. Many computer games use pre-rendered 3D model images as sprites for real-time computer rendering.

Now, three-dimensional models have been used in various fields. Use them to make accurate models of organs in the medical industry; use them for active characters, objects and real movies in the film industry; use them as resources in computers and video games in the video game industry; use them as accurate models of compounds in the scientific field ; The construction industry uses them to display proposed buildings or landscape expressions; the engineering industry uses them to design new equipment, vehicles, structures, and other application fields; in recent decades, the earth science field has begun to build three-dimensional geological models.

The 3D model itself is invisible, and can be rendered at different levels of detail based on simple wireframes or shaded in different ways. However, many 3D models use textures to cover, and the process of arranging the textures on the 3D model is called texture mapping. A texture is an image, but it can make the model more detailed and look more real. For example, a three-dimensional model of a person with skin and clothing textures will look more realistic than a simple monochrome model or a wireframe model.

In addition to textures, other effects can also be applied to 3D models to increase realism. For example, you can adjust the surface normals to achieve their illuminating effect, some surfaces can use convex-concave texture mapping methods and other three-dimensional rendering techniques.